Condition Lookup
Category:
Endocrine and Metabolic Conditions
Number of Conditions: 3
Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 and Type 2)
Specialty: Internal Medicine
Category: Endocrine and Metabolic Conditions
Symptoms:
increased thirst; frequent urination; unexplained weight loss; fatigue; blurred vision; slow-healing wounds; tingling or numbness in hands/feet (type 2)
Root Cause:
Type 1
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, oral glucose tolerance test, random blood glucose test.
Treatment:
Type 1
Medications:
Type 1
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 10% of adults worldwide, predominantly Type 2.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Type 1
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Manageable; early treatment reduces the risk of complications.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cardiovascular disease, kidney disease (nephropathy), eye damage (retinopathy), nerve damage (neuropathy), foot ulcers.
Hyperthyroidism
Specialty: Internal Medicine
Category: Endocrine and Metabolic Conditions
Symptoms:
unexplained weight loss; rapid heartbeat; anxiety; sweating; heat intolerance; tremors; increased appetite; bulging eyes (in graves' disease)
Root Cause:
Overproduction of thyroid hormones, often due to Graves' disease (autoimmune) or toxic multinodular goiter.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Low TSH and high free T4/T3 levels in blood tests, thyroid scan or ultrasound.
Treatment:
Antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, thyroidectomy.
Medications:
Methimazole , propylthiouracil (antithyroid drugs); beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol ) for symptom management.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 1–2% of the population; more common in women.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, autoimmune conditions, excessive iodine intake.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Manageable; complications are preventable with treatment.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Thyroid storm (acute, life-threatening hyperthyroidism), atrial fibrillation, osteoporosis.
Obesity and Weight Management
Specialty: Internal Medicine
Category: Endocrine and Metabolic Conditions
Symptoms:
excess body fat; fatigue; breathlessness; joint pain; snoring or sleep apnea
Root Cause:
Chronic energy imbalance leading to excess fat accumulation.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30; waist circumference measurement.
Treatment:
Diet modifications, increased physical activity, behavioral therapy, medications, bariatric surgery (in severe cases).
Medications:
Orlistat (lipase inhibitor), liraglutide (GLP-1 agonist), phentermine /topiramate .
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 13% of the global population; increasing in prevalence.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, genetics, hormonal imbalances, psychological factors.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; sustained weight loss significantly improves health outcomes.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, certain cancers.