Condition Lookup
Category:
Oncological Renal Complications
Number of Conditions: 1
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (leading to AKI)
Specialty: Nephrology
Category: Oncological Renal Complications
Symptoms:
nausea and vomiting; weakness; muscle cramps; confusion; decreased urine output; irregular heartbeat
Root Cause:
Rapid breakdown of tumor cells releases intracellular ions (potassium and phosphate) and nucleic acids into the bloodstream, causing hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and uric acid buildup, leading to acute kidney injury.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Laboratory tests revealing hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperuricemia; urinalysis and imaging to assess kidney function.
Treatment:
Aggressive hydration, correction of electrolyte imbalances, and use of urate-lowering medications like rasburicase or allopurinol. Dialysis may be necessary in severe cases.
Medications:
Medications include xanthine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., allopurinol ) to prevent uric acid formation and recombinant urate oxidase (e.g., rasburicase ) to break down uric acid. Electrolyte-modifying agents like calcium gluconate may be used for hyperkalemia.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common in patients undergoing treatment for hematologic cancers like lymphoma and leukemia.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
High tumor burden, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, preexisting kidney dysfunction, and high uric acid levels.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early identification and treatment; severe cases can lead to chronic kidney disease or death.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Acute kidney injury, severe electrolyte imbalances, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and multiorgan failure.