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Sub-Category:

Diabetes-Related Kidney Diseases

Number of Conditions: 1

Diabetic Nephropathy

Specialty: Nephrology

Category: Glomerular Diseases

Sub-category: Diabetes-Related Kidney Diseases

Symptoms:
proteinuria; swelling in the legs and feet; foamy urine; fatigue; high blood pressure

Root Cause:
Chronic high blood sugar levels leading to damage in the glomeruli of the kidneys.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Diagnosed via elevated urine albumin and reduced GFR.

Treatment:
Treated with glycemic control, blood pressure management (ACE inhibitors/ARBs), and lifestyle modifications.

Medications:
ACE inhibitors or ARBs for proteinuria and blood pressure, SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., dapagliflozin ), GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., liraglutide ), and statins for cardiovascular risk.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 20–40% of patients with diabetes.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor glycemic control, long duration of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and genetic predisposition.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Progressive without treatment; may lead to end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis or transplantation.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and increased risk of infections.