Condition Lookup
Sub-Category:
Hollow organ injuries
Number of Conditions: 2
Intestinal perforation
Specialty: Trauma and Injuries
Category: Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Sub-category: Hollow organ injuries
Symptoms:
severe abdominal pain; fever; nausea; vomiting; abdominal distension; tenderness; guarding; rebound tenderness
Root Cause:
A tear or hole in the wall of the intestines that leads to leakage of intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity, causing peritonitis and infection.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical examination, imaging studies like X-rays (showing free air under the diaphragm), CT scans, blood tests showing elevated white blood cells (leukocytosis), and exploratory surgery.
Treatment:
Emergency surgery (laparotomy or laparoscopy) to repair the perforation, clean the abdominal cavity, and address any infection.
Medications:
Broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as piperacillin-tazobactam or ceftriaxone with metronidazole , are prescribed to manage infections. These are classified as antibacterial agents. Pain relievers and IV fluids may also be administered.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in cases of trauma, infections, or gastrointestinal conditions like peptic ulcers or diverticulitis. Exact prevalence varies by the underlying cause.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Abdominal trauma, gastrointestinal conditions (e.g., Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis, or cancer), infections, foreign body ingestion, and certain medications like NSAIDs.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with prompt treatment but worsens with delays, leading to life-threatening sepsis.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Peritonitis, sepsis, abscess formation, multi-organ failure, and death if untreated.
Stomach rupture
Specialty: Trauma and Injuries
Category: Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Sub-category: Hollow organ injuries
Symptoms:
severe upper abdominal pain; abdominal swelling; nausea; vomiting; hematemesis (vomiting blood); hypotension; shock
Root Cause:
A breach in the stomach wall, often due to blunt trauma, increased gastric pressure, or penetrating injuries, leading to leakage of gastric contents into the abdominal cavity.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Imaging (X-rays showing free air under the diaphragm), CT scan, upper GI endoscopy, and clinical symptoms indicative of peritonitis or shock.
Treatment:
Emergency surgical intervention to repair the rupture and clean the abdominal cavity. Postoperative care includes infection control and nutritional support.
Medications:
Broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone or meropenem , combined with metronidazole to prevent infection. These are classified as antibacterial agents. Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., pantoprazole or omeprazole ) may be prescribed to reduce stomach acid and promote healing. Pain relief medications (e.g., opioids or acetaminophen ) are also used.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but associated with significant blunt trauma (e.g., motor vehicle accidents) or extreme gastric distension (e.g., binge eating with vomiting).
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Blunt abdominal trauma, excessive gastric distension, gastric ulcers, ingestion of corrosive substances, or prior gastric surgeries.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With prompt surgical treatment, survival is high; delays increase risk of sepsis and death.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Peritonitis, sepsis, hemorrhage, abscess formation, and multi-organ failure.